Pregnant With an IUD? Signs of pregnancy, Risks, and What to do

An intrauterine device (IUD) is a small, T-shaped device inserted into the uterus to provide long-term, reversible contraception. IUDs come in two types: copper IUDs, which release copper to prevent pregnancy, and hormonal IUDs, which release progestin. Both types are highly effective at preventing pregnancy, but as with any birth control method, there is still a small chance of pregnancy.

1. How IUDs work:
   • Copper IUD: The copper ions released by the IUD create a hostile environment for sperm, reducing their ability to move and survive. Additionally, copper may cause inflammation in the uterus, which further reduces the chances of a fertilized egg implanting.
   • Hormonal IUD: This type of IUD releases progestin, which thickens the cervical mucus, making it harder for sperm to reach the egg. Progestin also thins the uterine lining, making it less likely for a fertilized egg to implant.
2. Effectiveness of IUDs:
   • Copper IUDs have a failure rate of about 0.8%, meaning that about 8 out of every 1,000 women using this method may become pregnant within a year.
   • Hormonal IUDs have a failure rate of about 0.1% to 0.4%, depending on the brand, which means that 1 to 4 out of every 1,000 women using this method may become pregnant within a year.
3. Signs of pregnancy with an IUD:
   If you have an IUD and suspect you may be pregnant, watch for these early pregnancy symptoms:
   • Missed period
   • Breast tenderness
   • Nausea or vomiting
   • Fatigue
   • Frequent urination
   • Mood swings
   • Light spotting or cramping
4. Risks and complications of pregnancy with an IUD:
   • Ectopic pregnancy is a potentially life-threatening condition where the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube. The risk of ectopic pregnancy is higher in women who become pregnant while using an IUD.
   • Infection: There is a risk of infection if the IUD is not removed promptly after a pregnancy is confirmed.
   • Preterm birth: Pregnancies with an IUD in place may have a higher risk of preterm birth or other complications.
   • Miscarriage: The risk of miscarriage may be higher if the IUD is left in place during the pregnancy.
5. What to do if you think you’re pregnant with an IUD:
   • Take a home pregnancy test: If you suspect you may be pregnant, take a home pregnancy test to confirm.
   • See your healthcare provider: If the test is positive, schedule an appointment with your healthcare provider as soon as possible. They will evaluate your pregnancy, confirm its location, and discuss the next steps.
   • IUD removal: If you are pregnant, your healthcare provider may recommend removing the IUD, depending on the pregnancy stage and the IUD location. Early removal can reduce the risk of complications.

While IUDs are highly effective at preventing pregnancy, there is still a small chance of becoming pregnant while using one. If you suspect you may be pregnant with an IUD, consult your healthcare provider for further evaluation and guidance.